1.
Incidence Of Rabies Virus In Saliva Of Apparently Normal Dogs In Lahore
by Ajmal Hussain, S | Muhammed Naeem | Asif Rabbani | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0154,T] (1).
2.
Isolation And Identification Of Clostridium Tetani From Oil And Dust Samples, From Various Sources In Lahore, and Study of Their Pathogenicity
by Neelam Muizzuddin | Mukhtar Ahmed Chaudry | Muhammed Naeem | Tufail | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1982Dissertation note: Tetanus is a sporadic disease caused by infection with Clostridiurn tetani, a rod shaped anaerobic organism which has been frequently isolated from soil and the faeces of man and animals especially horses.
Two hundred soil and dust samples from different areas of Lahore were studies for the occurance of Clostridiurn tetani. Out of these 28 (13%) were positive for the presence of Clostridium tetani. Of these 26 positive samples, 4 out of 50 (8%) were from roads and areas not frequently used by horses: 9 out of 50 (18%) from roads frequently used by horses; 6 out of 50 (12%) from horse stables and 14% positive from the Veterinary Hospital. The results were significant.
The samples were cultured on five different media namely cooked meat medium, nutrient broth, thioglycollate broth,nutrient agar and blood agar. A comparison of the growth media showed a highly significant result.
Study of pathogenicity indicated a total number of 17 pathogenic samples out of the 26 samples positive, for Clostridium tetani. LD titre indicated the highest frequency (35.3%) between range of io425 and 10475number of organisms per ml. of medium.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0169,T] (1).
3.
Studies On The Isolation And Serotyping Of Salmonellae From Mesenteric Lymph Nodes And Faecal Samples Of Camels From Lahore Abattoir Lahore Abattoir
by Javaid Masood | Muhammed Naeem | Ata - Ur - Rehman Rizvi | Manzoor | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: The study was undertaken to detrmine the Salmonellae carrier state in camel, in an attempt to understand the epidemiologica] role played by this animal in transmission of Salmonellosis to other animals and man
The faecal and mesenteric lymph gland samples were collected from 100 apparently healthy camel a slaughtered at Lahore abattoir. Each sample was enriched in selenite troth arid isolates passed through a series of differential and selective media for an effective primary isolation and purification of Saimonellae.
The identification of isolates was carried out on the basis of their morphology, biochemical characteristics and serology. The serology was carried out using standard polyvalent "0", and "H" group arid type specific antisera by rapid spot agglutination test.
The Salinonellae were isolated from isolated from any faecal samples, giving an isolation percentage of 2.0 in this species.
On the basis of biochemical studies and serology it was observed that both the isolated strains of Salmonella belonged to Salmonella typhimrium.
The camel was found to be carrier of Salmonella typhimurium and could act as a source of infection for animals and man. Further work on large scale is recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0171,T] (1).
4.
A Study On The Incidence Of Salmonellosis In Poultry In And Around Lahore
by Zubair Anjum | Muhammed Akram muneer | Muhammed Naeem | Tufail | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1983Dissertation note: Poultry has emerged ss an imtrnrtant industry in Pakistan in recent years. The Salmonellosis in poultry has become major hinderence in the development of this industry. The imnortsnt oathoens are Salmonella gallinarum and SalmoneHa nuilorurn which mainly effct noultry.
Snot agglutintion whole-blood ranid test was conducted on 1000 birds from breeding stocks at noultrv farms and noul try cliñiôs. 17q (17.9°) reacted oositively and 100 oositive birds were selected and slaughtered and internal organs such as liver, soleen ovary and ilium were collected and their morbid material was cultured on selenite broth for 18-24 hours and then on Salmonel1a- Shigella agar for 24-48 hours at 37°C. Nutrient and MacrConkey agars were used to obtain oure colonies. Salmonella isolations were successful from 54 (54%) cases out of 100. Salmonella gallinarum from i15 (45%) cases and Salmonella pullorum from 9 (9%). The incidence due to S.gallinarum (83.33%) was higher to S.pullorum (16.67%). Different biochemical and serological tests were conducted Serologically 'D' group was confirmed.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0178,T] (1).
5.
Diagnosis Of New Castle Disease By Fluorescent Antibody Technique
by Zahida Parveen | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Mubasher | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0180,T] (1).
6.
Isolation Of Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro Disease) Virus From Infected Birds Based Upon Lesions In Embryonated Eggs
by Khalid Iqbal | Muhammed Naeem | Sheikh Muhammed Amin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: A number of 30 bursae of fabricius were collected from the birds suspected for Infectious Bursal Disease, brought to the Disease Diagnostic Section, Poultry Development Centre (P.R.I.), Rawalpindi and Animal Sciences Institute, National Agriculture Research Council, Islamabad. Each sample was processed and inoculated through allantoic sac route in five embryonated eggs of 9 to 11 days. Eggs showing embryo deaths between 48 hours post inoculatiom were discarded as it was non specific embryo mortality. Five embryonated eggs were kept as control. Five serial passages were done to check the embryo mortality pattern.
Out of 30 samples, nine samples showed a typical Infectious Bursal Disease embryo mortality pattern i.e. 100% mortality at first passage, 30 to 33% mortality at second passage and 0% in subsequent passages. Seven samples showed a positive reaction in Agar Gel Precipitation Test out of nine samples. The incidence of Infectious Bursal Disease was 3 .3% in and around Rawalpindi.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0183,T] (1).
7.
Role Of Doves, Parrots And Quails In The Epizootiology Of Newcastle Disease
by Rauf, A | Muhammed Naeem | Manzoor | Muhammed Ajmal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Three species of birds i.e. doves, parrots and quails, 100 from each species were studied to investigate their role in the epizootiology of Newcastle disease. The serum of each bird was examined for the presence of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus by Haemagglutination Inhibition method using a standard Newcastle disease virus obtained from Veterinary & Research Institute, Lahore. It was observed that 46% of parrots, 29% of doves and 7% of quails had experienced Newcastle disease. The average titre for three species of birds was 76 with a range of 20-1280, being highest in parrots and lowest in quails. Attempts were made to isolate Newcastle disease virus from the faecal material and pooled organs of each bird in developing chick embryo. Five isolates of Newcastle disease virus were recovered from parrots, two from doves and none from quails. The recovered isolates possessed a mild to moderate pathogenicity for day old chicks. From these trials it was evident that doves and parrot could act as carriers of Newcastle disease and disseminate the disease to other birds over vast areas while despite their susceptibility the exact role of quails could not be determined in the epizootio- logy of Newcastle disease. Further studies on larger scale were recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0190,T] (1).
8.
Studies On The Isolation And Serotyping Of Salmonella From Gall-Bladder Of Buffaloes Slaughtered At Abattoirs In Lahore
by Munir Ahmad, M | S.Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed Naeem | Zafar Iqbal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0192,T] (1).
9.
Effect Of Storage Temperature On Pathogenicity On Hydropericardium Syndrome Virus In Chickens
by Arshad Dar, M | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Muhammed | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Present study was designed to work out effect of different storage temperatures, and storage periods on pathogenicity of UPS virus. Observations on demonstration of inmiunosuppresive effect of UPS virus and its antigenic relationship with viruses producing similar type of problems in meat type chickens, were also made. Results of this study have shown no significant difference in virulence upto six weeks of storage at the given temperatures. Disease induction was done in relatively younger birds. Histopathological study of different organs from morbid birds showed changes similar to those reported by other workers.
Immunosuppressive effect of HPSV was demonstrable by low titers of antibodies against NDV and UPS. Indirect haemagglutination test with sensitized human "0" positive erythrocytes for detection of antibodies against HPSV worked effectively. The test is expected to become more sensitive with use of more purified antigen. Sheep RBCs sensitized without use of chromium chloride did not work in IHA test. Slight antIgenic similarity between HPSV and IBD virus iàs demonstrable in Agar gel diffusion test.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0210,T] (1).
10.
Comparative Efficacy Of Haemagglutination Inhibition Test And Enzymne Linked Immunosorbent Assay In Detection Of Antibody Response To Newcastle Disease Virus
by Shafiq Ahmad Noori | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Ehtisham | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to observe the effects of various temperatures on the immune system, growth rate and various lymphoid organs of chickens.
Five hundred day-old chicks were reared upto six weeks of -age under various temperature ranges. These birds were randomly divided into 5 groups (each consisting of 100 chicks), A, B, C, D and E. Birds in group A were kept at 25°C and given NDV vaccine, birds in group B were kept at 37°C and administered NDV vaccine, birds in group C were housed at 42°C and inoculated with NDV vaccine, birds in group D were kept at ambient temperature and given NDV vaccine and those in group E were kept at 37°C and not vaccinated with NDV.
Blood samples from all the birds were collected on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42. Live body weights of the birds were recorded on days 1, 21, 28, 35 and 42. At the termination of the study all the surviving birds were sacrificed to study the various lymphoid organs such as thymus, bursa of Fabricius, spleen and liver.
Heat stress at higher temperature enhanced the immune response of the chicken vaccinated against NDV as compared to the birds kept at lower temperature and non-vaccinated birds. The heat stress at various temperatures did not significantly affect:, the bursal and body weight gain, however, heat stress significantly affected the liver, splenic and thymic weight gain.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0216,T] (1).
11.
Studies On Clostridial Flora Of Ovine Gut
by Zarar Ahmad | S .Ata -Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Clostridial organisms are a part of the normal flora of animal intestine. Under conditions of stress and intestinal stasis bacteria multiply at a very rapid rate and produce intestinal disorders and other acute septicaemic diseases which may result in high mortality and condemnation of carcass and abortion and loss of milk yield in less severe cases.
Faecal samples of 500 sheep of various ages and both sexes, slaughtered at different abattoirs of Lahore were examined during the present study. Clostridial organisms belonging to different species were isolated from 320(64%) ou,t of 500 animals examined. Based upon morphological, colonial and biochemical characteristics these isolates were identified as Clostridium perfrinens 180(36%), Clostridium apcroenes 113(22.6%), Clostridium tetani 10(2%), Clostridium chauvoei 9(1.8%) and Clostridium botulinum 8(1.6%).
Pathogenicity of the isolates was determined in mice and it was observed that 36.25% of the isolates were pathogenic in this species producing acute septicaemic diseases. Out of the different species isolated 11.11% Clostridium chauvoei, 58.33% Clostridiuin prfrinens and 100% Clostridluin tetani were found pathogenic. Pure cultures of isolated organisms were obtained from the livers, tissues and blood of the inoculated mice.
Clostridia are an important group of pathogenic bacteria of veterinary public health significance, further work is recommended for the identification of the toxigenic groups within each species.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0219,T] (1).
12.
Study On Antibody Profile Against Brucella Melitensis (Rev-1 Strain) Vaccine In Sheep And Goat
by Manzoor Ahmad Ghumman | M.Akram Muneer | Mubasher | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: A total of 213 lambs/kids (60 lambs and 33 kids at livestock experiment station, Jahangirabad 40 lambs and 26 kids at livestock production research institute, Bahadarnagar and 60 lambs at livestock experiment station Qadarabad) were vaccinated with Brucella melitensis Rev. I vaccine. The lambs/kids, 4-6 months of age, that demonstrated zero antibody titre were selected for the experiment. Each lamb/kids recieved 2 ml of brucella melitensis Rev. I vaccine subcutaneously behind the shoulder. Vacenated lambs/kids were bled on 20,30,60,30,120, 150, 180 and 210 days post-vaccination. Sera were separated to determine the antibody profile using serum agglutination tube test. The antibody titre ranged 1/40 to 1/640, On day 20 post_vaccination which declines sharply. On days 210 post _vacination the antibody titre were from 1/10 to 1/40 in sheep at Livestock experiment station Jahangirabad, Oadirabad and livestock production research institute, Bahadurnagur.
The rate of abortion was 1.36% zero and 0.27% in sheep before vaccination at livestock experiment station, Jahangirabad, Livestock production research institute, Bahadurnagur and Livestock experiment station, Qadirabad respectively. The rate of abortion after vacitnation was nill at all the 3 livestock farms.
The rate of abortion in goat are 24.20% and 0% before vaccination at Livestock experiment station, Jahangirabad and 1ivestock production research institute - Bahadarnagar, respectively. The rate of abortion at livestock experiment station, Jahagirabad and Livestock production research institute, Bahadurnagur was 1.7% and 0% in goats after vaccination, respectively.
Antibody titre of brucella melitensis Rev. I vaccine falls sharply, within two months post-vaccination. A single dose of vaccine provided sufficient field immunization.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0228,T] (1).
13.
Sero-Epidemiological Study Of Brucellosis In Domestic Animals Using Standard Plate Test, Standard Tube Test,
by Chani, M | Muhammed Naeem | Muhammed | Syed Ata- ur - Rehman rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: The sero-epidemlological study of brucellosis was carried out to observe the incidence of brucellosis in 1000 slaughtered end 1000 healthy animals in Peshawar district of N.W.F.P. All the serum samples were subjected to four serological tests I.e. Standard Plate Test, (SPT) standard Tube Test, (STT) Rivanol Test, (RV) and 2,tlercapto-ethanol Test. (2,ME).
The incidence of brucellosis In 1000 healthy animals tested by Standard plate test, standard tube test, rivanol test, end 2,Mercopto-ethanol test was 2.4%, 1.46%, 1.05% end 0.52%, respectively. While the incidence of brucollosis in 1000 slaughtered animals from Peshawar abettior was 2.5%, 1.5%, 1.2% and 0.8% by standard plate test, standard tube test, rivanol test, and 2, Mercopto-ethonol test.
The incidence of the disease was higher in slaughtered animals as compared with healthy animals. The disease was more prevalence In goats as compared to buffaloes, cattle, end sheep.
The Incidence of brucellosis in male animal at slaughter house Peshawar was 5% by standard plate test.
While other three tests were found to be negative. Also the same result was recorded In live male animals.
The Incidence of brucellosis In female animals at slaughter house Peshawar was 2.29%, 1.56%, 1.25% and 0.83% by standard plate test, standard tube test, rivanol test and 2,Mercapto-ethenol test. Similarly it was seen that the disease was more common In aged animals as compares to Youngers stocks.
The efficacy of standard plate test was found more as compared to standard tube test, rivanol test, and 2,Mercepto-ethanol test In slaughtered as well as in apparently healthy animals at Peshawar district. Standard plate test detected 2.45%, where as standard tube test detected 1.80%, rivanol test detected 1.55%, and 2,Mercapto- ethanol test detected 1.05% positive cases in slaughtered as well as In healthy animals.
So the standard plate test was found to be more sensitive, reliable, and can be easily apply.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0241,T] (1).
14.
Immunomodulatory Effects Of Coccidiostats In Broiler Chicks
by Fraaz Mahmood | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Manzoor | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: This study indicated that Amprolium and Clopidol (Coyden 25) when used at recommended dosage levels (6.25 gm of pure drug/50 kg of feed & 25 gin of premix/50 kg of feed respectively) did not interfere with the body weight gain of birds; did not have adverse effects on weights of lymphoid organs such as bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus, liver; did not interfere with the development of serum antibody in vaccinated or vaccinated and challenged birds; their medication in feed had beneficial effects on serum antibody development; did not result in higher post-challenge mortality of vaccinated birds as compared to the non-medicated vaccinated control birds. The injection to baby chicks on first 4 consecutive post-hatching days with a known immunosuppressive agent (Cyclophosphamide) resulted in lower body weights, destruction of the bursa of Fabricius, poor antibody response of birds to vaccination against NDV, and very high post-challenge mortality, upon challenge with a virulent strain of NDV.
The weight gain studies indicated that vaccinated and non-vaccinated birds on Amprolium and Clopidol medicated feeds had non-significantly higher body wegh ts that those on non-mothcateii ration at 42 days of age. Oopiclo) (Coyden 25), at recommended dosage level, had more beneficial effects on the body weights than the Amprolium. These studies further indicated that vaccinated birds kept on Clopidol medicated feed had significantly higher serum antibody titres on day 42 than the vaccinated non-medicated control birds. The serum antibody titres of vaccinated birds on Clopidol medicated feed were significantly higher than those fed Amprolium at recommended dosage levels. From the results of this study it is concluded that Clopidol and Amprolium are not immunosuppressive drugs when used at recommended dosage levels. They rather have beneficial effects on growth 1)erforr1arIce and immune response of birds. However, there is a need for further investigations.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0256,T] (1).
15.
Studies On The Bacterial Etiology Of Metritis In Buffaloes And Cows And In-Vitro-Antibioitic Sensitivity Of The Isolates
by Idrees Ali Zahid | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Muhammed Naeem | Tufail | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1983Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0259,T] (1).
16.
A Study On The Incidence And Tyhpes Of Salmonella Infection In Sparrows
by Anjum Anwar | Ata_ur-Rehman | Muhammed Naeem | Tufail | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: In the present study a total number of 100 sparrows were studied for the isolation of Salmonella organisms. The internal organs like spleen, liver, intestine and lymph node were removed from the birds and cultured on enrichment and selective media for isolation of Salmonellae. The isolates were confirmed by biochemical and serological tests. Three species of genus Salmonella namely Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella pullorurn and Salmonella gallijiarum were isolated, the relative % of each species being 3%, 6%, and 20% respectively. The presence of Salmonella typhimurium in sparrows was of great public health significance, while the two latter species were of great importance for the poultry industry. Further work on a much large scale, was recommended
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0268,T] (1).
17.
Bacteriological Study Of Enteritis In Broiler Breeders In And Around Lahore
by Imtiaz ul Haq | Muhammed Naeem | Mubasher | Muhammed Ajmal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0286,T] (1).
18.
Seerological Incidence Of Avian Infectious Bronchitis In Broiler In Lahore
by Talha Farooq | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Avian Infectious Bronchitis (AIB) is an important disease of chickens affecting birds of all ages, both sexes and, all breeds. The disease is more severe in broilers.
It occurs .in two clinical forms i.e. the respiratory form and the reproductive form. In the first form of disease the mortality is an important factor, while in the latter form the reproductive tract and reproduction of birds are affected. The economic significance of Avjan Infectious Bronchitis lies in the fact that it causes moderate to heavy mortality and marked drop in egg production, increased number of small size, misshaped, and poor quality eggs; low hatchability, death in shell and early chick mortality.
The present work was planned to investigate the serological incidence of Avian Infectious Bronchiti and to have a knowledge about the important serotypes provlent in Pakistan. The sera of 200 broilers from various broiler markets and poultry farms of Lahore was tested against 4 serotypes of Aviari Infectious Bronchitis virus i.e; 1assachusets, Connecticut, Arkansas and JMK using haemsgglutination inhibition test.
The work has shown that Avjan Infectious - ronchitis is present in broilers in and around Lahore, as antibodies against three important serotypes i.e. Massachusetts, Connecticut and Arkansas were detected in 11.5% sera of 200 tested birds.
Further work on large scale using birds from different parts of the country is recommended to determine the exact status of this disease in Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0287,T] (1).
19.
Effects Of Coccidiosis On Immune Response Of Broiler Chickens
by Farhat Nazir Awan | muhammed Naeem | Muhammed | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: This study indicates that Eimeria tenella and Eimeria necatrix infection (50,000 sporulated oocysts\bird) interfere with the body weight gain of birds, have adverse effects on weights of lymphoid organs such as bursa of fabricius, spleen, thymus and liver, interfere with the development of serum antibody in vaccinated birds only, when the vaccination is done in the presence of organisms, does not interfere with the development of serum antibody in vaccinated challenged birds, results in high post cha1leige mortality of vaccinated birds as compared to the vaccinated control and vaccinated coccidiosis treated birds. The injection to baby chicks on 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th day post hatching with Cyclophosphamide resulted in lower body weight, destruction of the bursa of fabricius, poor antibody response of birds to vaccination against NDV and very high post challenge mortality upon challenge with a virulent strain of NDV.
The weight gain studies inctkated that vaccinated and non- vaccinated coccidial infested birds and coccidiosis treated birds had significantly lower body weight than those of control\coccidiosis free birds at 50 days of age. Coccidial infection had adverse effects on the body weight gain. The study further indicated that vaccinated coccidial infested birds had significantly lower serum antibody titers on day 50 than the vaccinated control and vaccinated coccidiosis treated birds. The serum level of vaccinated coccidiosis treated birds and vaccinated control bird were on same level at day 50.
From the results of this study it is concluded that coccidia are immunosuppressive agent but they suppress the growth performances and immune response of bird temporarily. However, when the birds recover from the infection, they attain their normal immune status.
SUMMARY
The birds that received oocysts of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria necatrix (50,000 sporulated oocysts\bird) and were not treated throughout the experimental period had lower weight gains than the coccidiosis treated cyclophosphamide treated and coccidiosis free\control birds.
Coccidial infection adversely affected the weight of thyrnus, liver whereas bursa of fabricius and spleen had slight depression in their weight. Cyclophosphamide treatment of birds in early life resulted in bursal atrophy and slight depression of splenic weight.
As compared to control and coccicliosis treated birds, the sera of NDV vaccinated coccidial infested birds had lower antibody titers on day 50. The post challenge sera of NDV vaccinated coccidial infected birds had higher antibody titers as compared to NDV vaccinated cyclophosphamide treated birds. The NDV vaccinated coccidial infested and NDV vaccinated cyclophosphamide treated birds had significant post virulent NDV challenge mortality, whereas the vaccinated control and vaccinated coccidiosis treated birds did not have any mortality following NDV challange.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0302,T] (1).
20.
Studies On H.S.Oil Adjuvant Vaccine Prepared By Dense Culture Of Pasturella Multocida Robert Type-1 On Improved Culture Medium
by Kausar Tasneem | Muhammed Amin Sheikh | Manzoor | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The present project was designed to develop HS oil adjuvant vaccine (CAy) on a special medium. A dense culture was prepared by enriching the routine nutrient broth medium, used for the production of alum-precipitated vaccine (APv) presently. It was concluded that various ingredients, including yeast extract, sucrose, trypticase, sodium bicarbonate, used in proper concentrations, certainly increase the number of bacterial population in the culture medium and help in attaining the requisite 2 mg dry weight of Pasteurella mnultocicla per dose of vaccine. Moreover the organism develops its full antigenic characteristics due to supply of these essentially required nutrients. Aeration of the culture medium is also essential for attaining the dense culture of the organism. Slight agitation was used to provide aeration to the bacteria. The emulsified vaccine was prepared with 15:10:1.5 parts of the bacterial suspension,liquid paraffin and lanolin. The emulsion on prepration, developed a white colour and adhered to clean glass surface evenly. The product proved to possess a long shelf life when maintained at room temperature. Mouse model was chosen to study the safety and potency of both the vaccines i.e. OAV and APV. The potency of both the vaccines was compared and calculated by a standard method of OSE and Muenstar (1968). Oil adjuvant vaccine gave better results of 5.2 log protection as compared to APV, where the log protection value came to 2 only.
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21.
Serological Sruvey Of Brucellosis And Leptospirosis In Camels
by Anwar ul Haq | Muhammed Naeem | Muhammed | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The present study was carried out to determine the incidence of brucellosis and leptospirosis in camels. Five hundred serum samples of camels awaiting slaughter at Lahore abattoir were tested in laboratory by slide agglutination and standard tube agglutination tests. The slide agglutination test recorded a relatively higher prevalence of the disease than the standard tube agglutination test.
Four leptospira serovars were used as antigen and positive results were obtained with L. pomona, L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. australis. The serum samples having a leptospiral antibody titre of > 100 were considered as positive.
The over-all prevalence of brucellosis in camel population was 4.2% by slide agglutination test and 3.6% by standard tube agglutination test. The overall incidence of brucellosis in male camels was found to be 3.4% and the female camels demonstrated a prevalence of 4.5%.
The sera with standard tube agglutination titre of 1.40 and above were considered positive while those heaving a titre of 1:20 were located as doubtful.
The overall prevalence of leptospirosis was 3.4% while it was 2.72% in male camples and 3.4% in female camples.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0326,T] (1).
22.
Comparative Evaluation Of Mukteswar Strain N.D. Vaccine With Losota And Clonel.Z.58 New Castle Disease Vaccine
by M.D.Mumtaz | Muhammed Naeem | Ata-Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: New Castle disease still continues to he serious economic threat to poultry industry throughout the world due to its high morbidity and mortality rate.
In Pakistan different vaccines are being used to control this disease. Now-a-days different N.D. vaccines are being imported and used on large scale in Pakistan without; knowing their immunogenic response.
The present study with this project was conducted to evaluate the immunogenecity of our locally prepared Mukteswar strain of N. D. vaccine with imported Deivax Clone LZ 58 and Lasota strains of New Castle disease vaccines. To three groups "A", W. "C", comprising of 25 chicks each Nukteswar, 1,Z Clone 58 and Las toa ND vaccines were administered intramuscularly and group D was kept as unvaccinated control.
Mukteswar ND vaccine gave high imanuanogenic response on day 14 (P.V) with Geomean HI titre of 438 which persisted on day 2i. LZ Clone 68 ND vaccine gave a Geomean HI Sitre of 362 on day 14 which also persisted on day 21.
Laston vaccine gave a Geomean HI titre of antibodies on 14th day as 262 which persisted on day 21 (P. V) which was the lowest as compared to other two vaccines. All the three vaccines resisted challenge. Therefore it is observed from the above findings that Liukteswar strain of ND vaccine gave better results as compared to Clone and Lasota imported vaccines and their import on such large scale be stopped.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0333,T] (1).
23.
Studies On The Anaerobic Flora Of The Camel Intestine
by Saeed Akhtar, Lodhi | Ata-Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The study was undertaken to determine the anaerobic intestinal flora of camel. Anaerobic organisms are a part of the normal flora of animal intestine. Under condition of stress and intestinal stasis bacteria multiply at a very rapid rate and produce intestinal disorders and other diseases.
The sample of intestinal contents were collected from 100 apparently healthy camels slaughtered at Lahore abattoir. Anaerobic organisms belonging to different species were isolated from 55 out of 100 animals examined. Based upon morphological, colonial and biochemical characteristics these isolates were
identified as clostridium perfingens 29 (29%) Clostridium sporogenese 10 (10%), Clostridium tetani 4 (4%), Clostridium chauvoei 2 (2%), Clostridium botulinum 3 (3%), Clostridium bifermentans 5 (5%), Clostridium septicum 2 (2%). Pathogenicity of the isolates was determined in mice and it was observed that 15% of the samples were pathogenic. Out of the different species isolated 38% clostriadium perfringens and 100% Clostridium tetani were found pathogenic. Pure culture of isolated organisms were Qbtained from liver, tissues and blood of the inoculated mice.
Since clostridia possess the ability to invade the animal tissue under condition of stress it is suggested that proper prohylactic measures should be adopted to protect the animal from these diseases. High incidence of clostridia in slaughtered camel is alarming. Appropriate hygienic measures are needed to be adopted. A little literature is available on this topic and it requires a series of investigations to get a complete picture of anaerobic organisms present in gastro intestinal tract.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0338,T] (1).
24.
Studies On The Aerobic Flora Of The Camel Intestine
by Jamshed Iqbal, Bhatti | Ata -Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: The study as undertaken to determine the aerobic intestinal bacterial flora of camel in an attempt to understand the epidemiological role played by this animal in transmission of diseases to other animals and man.
The sample of intestinal contents were collected from 100 apparently healthy camels slaughtered at Lahore abattoir. Each sample was processed through a series of enrichment, differential and selective media for effective primary isolation and identification of aerobic bacteria.
The identification of isolates was further based upon their morpholgy and biochemical characteristics.
The salmonellae were isolated from 287. and coliform organisms from 157. animals slaughtered respectively.
The presence of salmonella in the faeces of 28% animals as highly alarming as it could triger up outbreaks of enteric infection in human beings.
Aerobactor and Proteus species were found to be one precent which is not so alarming where as Shigella species as zero percent. Strict hygienic measures at the abattoir are recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0342,T] (1).
